Eritrea is located in the north-east of the continent of Africa between latitudes 5.12-18 degrees north and longitude 36.5-43 degrees east and is bordered by Sudan, Ethiopia and Djibouti. Its plateau is 8000 feet above sea level, which gives it a spring weather.

 The Arabic and Tigrinya languages are the two official languages according to Article 38 of the Eritrean Constitution in the Federal Covenant, which Eritreans have historically agreed upon.

  Its most important rivers are Setit, Gash, Baraka, Wadi Ansaba, Arafli, Desit, Qiru, Hadees, Buka, Wadqan, Falket, and Aali Qidi. It is rich in fruits and citrus fruits and its pristine soil. It has riches of various minerals, especially precious metals, and a large livestock wealth. Most of its inhabitants work in grazing and agriculture.

Eritrea got its name from the ancient Greek name for the Red Sea (Sinus Artrios) on 1/1/1890 AD. It is mentioned that there is an ancient Greek island called Eritrea. Its most important historical port is Adulis, which was established by the Ptolemies in the third century BC.

 The Umayyads occupied the islands of Dahlak and Massawa in the eighth century AD.

The Turks occupied the port of Massawa in 1557 AD, then ceded it to the Egyptian Khedive government in 1865 AD.

 The blue sultanate extended to it in Sennar, Sudan, from the western directorate and the coast to Massawa, and it settled for thirty years, from which it was pushed out by the push of the Ottoman Turks who came in the shadow of competition with Portugal.

 The Mahdist forces reached the city of Mansoura and then retreated due to the fierce war waged by the people against them due to sectarian motives and the abuses that took place against the people. Then the Italians drove them out permanently and invaded its garrisons in Kassala, Qirba and Qadarif in cooperation with the British who were advancing towards Khartoum from the north across the Nile.

 The Italian occupation of Eritrea began in the port of Assab on November 15, 1869 AD, and they completed and officially declared the colony of Eritrea 1/1/1890 AD. The Italian government appointed General Oreiro, the first general governor of Eritrea, and suppressed the sporadic popular resistance that lasted 15 years with the utmost cruelty under a customary law called the Peace and Security Law, and filled the prisons of Nakhra Island with detainees. One of the leaders of the national movement, most of whom died of malaria, malnutrition and neglect.

 It was occupied by the Allied armies (the English army in 1941 AD and its presence continued until 1952 AD).

 Organized violence led by the intelligence of the Ethiopian Empire and its loyalists erupted in the years 48, 49, 50 and 1951 AD, assassinating the martyr Abd al-Qadir Muhammad Salih Kabiri, leader of the Eritrean Islamic League Party (1949) and beheading dozens of Istiqlal supporters in front of their relatives’ eyes to spread terror in the hearts of the population, as they were looting Shops, livestock and killing people on the level of all the Eritrean countryside. It was entered into a federation with Ethiopia without returning to the Eritrean people and taking their views and interests into consideration under United Nations Resolution No. 390 / A / 5 in 1952 AD. The federal decision affirmed that Eritrea is an independent, independent unit with sovereignty in internal matters, federally united with Ethiopia in accordance with the specific powers of the two governments The United Nations also confirmed that the federation between Eritrea and Ethiopia is based on two principles

  The independence of Eritrea as a self-contained regional and political unit with a democratic constitution and an Eritrean government.

  Its federal link with the region of Ethiopia in foreign affairs and defense… and it considered these two principles irrevocable.

 The Eritrean people ignited the revolution on 9/1/1961 AD under the leadership of the martyr leader Hamid Idris Awati under the banners of the Eritrean Liberation Front, which launched a strong and effective popular war from its main base in the Western District.

 The revolution lasted thirty years, during which our dear and precious people were subjected to the most heinous massacres in the villages of the Eritrean countryside, which began with the massacre of the village of Ad Ibrahim in February 1967 AD, in which units of commandos and pandas (agents of the occupation) participated in its implementation.

  It gained its independence after a fierce revolutionary war that lasted for three decades, during which our people offered thousands of martyrs, wounded, disabled and homeless on May 24, 1993.

  It is subject to an isolationist, totalitarian, dictatorial rule similar to the rule of Bulbout and his party in Cambodia, and its people suffer under this rule of oppression, tyranny, muzzling of mouths, prisons, assassination, disappearance and the loss of public liberties in its lowest form.

 Its people today struggle for social justice, democracy, political pluralism and human rights.